Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a retinal condition that can affect patients who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It occurs when the blood vessels of the retinal vascular system become damaged due to elevated levels of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. Too much sugar in the blood causes cellular degradation of blood vessels, leading to decreased elasticity of the vascular tissues and narrowing of the vessels.

When the retinal blood vessels weaken, it can cause leakage of fluid and blood to seep into the retina. In more severe cases, this can lead to the formation of scar tissue and trigger a process known as neovascularization, which is when the retina grows new blood vessels. Unfortunately, these new blood vessels are abnormal and exceedingly delicate, making them susceptible to breaking, leaking, and bleeding. Eventually, this can cause a permanent loss of vision.

Because diabetes has become an increasingly prevalent health issue in the US, cases of diabetic retinopathy are also on the rise. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness in adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. However, if detected early on and managed properly, patients with diabetic retinopathy have a good chance of preserving their vision.